Incidence, Risk Factors, and Consequences of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Survivors of COVID-19-Related ARDS

Sara Miori, Andrea Sanna (), Sergio Lassola, Erica Cicolini, Roberto Zanella, Sandra Magnoni, Silvia De Rosa, Giacomo Bellani and Michele Umbrello
Additional contact information
Sara Miori: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy
Andrea Sanna: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy
Sergio Lassola: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy
Erica Cicolini: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy
Roberto Zanella: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy
Sandra Magnoni: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy
Silvia De Rosa: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy
Giacomo Bellani: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy
Michele Umbrello: Department of Intensive Care Unit, San Carlo Borromeo University Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 8, 1-14

Abstract: Purpose: To assess the prevalence of symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in survivors of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome that needed ICU care; to investigate risk factors and their impact on the Health-Related Quality of life (HR-QoL). Materials and Methods: This multicenter, prospective, observational study included all patients who were discharged from the ICU. Patients were administered the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 5 Level Version (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire, the Short-Form Health Survey 36Version 2 (SF-36v2), a socioeconomic question set and the Impact of Event Scale—Revised (IES-R) to assess PTSD. Results: The multivariate logistic regression model found that an International Standard Classification of Education Score (ISCED) higher than 2 (OR 3.42 (95% CI 1.28–9.85)), monthly income less than EUR 1500 (OR 0.36 (95% CI 0.13–0.97)), and more than two comorbidities (OR 4.62 (95% CI 1.33–16.88)) are risk factors for developing PTSD symptoms. Patients with PTSD symptoms are more likely to present a worsening in their quality of life as assessed by EQ-5D-5L and SF-36 scales. Conclusion: The main factors associated with the development of PTSD-related symptoms were a higher education level, a lower monthly income, and more than two comorbidities. Patients who developed symptoms of PTSD reported a significantly lower Health-Related Quality of life as compared to patients without PTSD. Future research areas should be oriented toward recognizing potential psychosocial and psychopathological variables capable of influencing the quality of life of patients discharged from the intensive care unit to better recognize the prognosis and longtime effects of diseases.

Keywords: COVID-19; acute respiratory distress syndrome; post-traumatic stress disorder; critical care; follow up; quality of life (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/8/5504/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/8/5504/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:8:p:5504-:d:1123107

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().