A Narrative Review of High Throughput Wastewater Sample Processing for Infectious Disease Surveillance: Challenges, Progress, and Future Opportunities

Bhuvanesh Kumar Shanmugam, Maryam Alqaydi, Degan Abdisalam, Monika Shukla, Helio Santos, Ranya Samour, Lawrence Petalidis, Charles Matthew Oliver, Grzegorz Brudecki, Samara Bin Salem and Wael Elamin ()
Additional contact information
Bhuvanesh Kumar Shanmugam: RASID Laboratory, M42 Healthcare, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 4200, United Arab Emirates
Maryam Alqaydi: RASID Laboratory, M42 Healthcare, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 4200, United Arab Emirates
Degan Abdisalam: RASID Laboratory, M42 Healthcare, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 4200, United Arab Emirates
Monika Shukla: RASID Laboratory, M42 Healthcare, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 4200, United Arab Emirates
Helio Santos: RASID Laboratory, M42 Healthcare, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 4200, United Arab Emirates
Ranya Samour: RASID Laboratory, M42 Healthcare, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 4200, United Arab Emirates
Lawrence Petalidis: RASID Laboratory, M42 Healthcare, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 4200, United Arab Emirates
Charles Matthew Oliver: Mubadala Health-Dubai, Dubai P.O. Box 26699, United Arab Emirates
Grzegorz Brudecki: RASID Laboratory, M42 Healthcare, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 4200, United Arab Emirates
Samara Bin Salem: Abu Dhabi Quality and Conformity Council (ADQCC), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 2282, United Arab Emirates
Wael Elamin: RASID Laboratory, M42 Healthcare, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 4200, United Arab Emirates

IJERPH, 2024, vol. 21, issue 11, 1-22

Abstract: During the recent COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater-based epidemiological (WBE) surveillance played a crucial role in evaluating infection rates, analyzing variants, and identifying hot spots in a community. This expanded the possibilities for using wastewater to monitor the prevalence of infectious diseases. The full potential of WBE remains hindered by several factors, such as a lack of information on the survival of pathogens in sewage, heterogenicity of wastewater matrices, inconsistent sampling practices, lack of standard test methods, and variable sensitivity of analytical techniques. In this study, we review the aforementioned challenges, cost implications, process automation, and prospects of WBE for full-fledged wastewater-based community health screening. A comprehensive literature survey was conducted using relevant keywords, and peer reviewed articles pertinent to our research focus were selected for this review with the aim of serving as a reference for research related to wastewater monitoring for early epidemic detection.

Keywords: wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE); operational challenges; disease surveillance; pandemic preparedness; automation; artificial intelligence (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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