A Longitudinal Study of the Relationship Between Lower Extremity Field Tests and Medial Elbow Injuries in Elementary School Baseball Players

Maki Tanaka (), Takuma Okutani, Shohei Maruyama, Kenji Suehiro, Tomoyuki Matsui, Machiko Hiramoto, Yoshikazu Azuma, Tetsuya Miyazaki, Megumi Gonno, Teruo Nomura, Kyosuke Oku, Yuya Watanabe, Yoshihiro Kai, Minoru Takeshima, Toru Morihara and Noriyuki Kida
Additional contact information
Maki Tanaka: Department of Childhood Education, Faculty of Human Development and Education, Kyoto Tachibana University, 34 Yamada-cho, Oyake, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan
Takuma Okutani: Kyoto Tanabe Central Hospital, Medical Corporation Sekitetsukai, 6-1-6 Tanabechuo, Kyotanabe-shi 610-0334, Japan
Shohei Maruyama: Kyoto Tanabe Central Hospital, Medical Corporation Sekitetsukai, 6-1-6 Tanabechuo, Kyotanabe-shi 610-0334, Japan
Kenji Suehiro: Kyoto Tanabe Central Hospital, Medical Corporation Sekitetsukai, 6-1-6 Tanabechuo, Kyotanabe-shi 610-0334, Japan
Tomoyuki Matsui: Marutamachi Rehabilitation Clinic, 12 Nishinokyo Kurumazakacho Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8405, Japan
Machiko Hiramoto: Marutamachi Rehabilitation Clinic, 12 Nishinokyo Kurumazakacho Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8405, Japan
Yoshikazu Azuma: Marutamachi Rehabilitation Clinic, 12 Nishinokyo Kurumazakacho Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8405, Japan
Tetsuya Miyazaki: Marutamachi Rehabilitation Clinic, 12 Nishinokyo Kurumazakacho Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8405, Japan
Megumi Gonno: Department of Childhood Education, Faculty of Childhood Education, Nagoya Women’s University, 3-40 Shioji-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya-shi 467-8610, Japan
Teruo Nomura: Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Hashikami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
Kyosuke Oku: Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Hashikami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
Yuya Watanabe: Department of Sports Study, Faculty of Sport Study, Biwako Seikei Sport College, 1204 Kitahira, Otsu-shi 520-0503, Japan
Yoshihiro Kai: Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, 34 Yama-da-cho, Oyake, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan
Minoru Takeshima: Kyoto Tanabe Central Hospital, Medical Corporation Sekitetsukai, 6-1-6 Tanabechuo, Kyotanabe-shi 610-0334, Japan
Toru Morihara: Marutamachi Rehabilitation Clinic, 12 Nishinokyo Kurumazakacho Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8405, Japan
Noriyuki Kida: Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Hashikami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan

IJERPH, 2024, vol. 21, issue 11, 1-13

Abstract: This study aimed to examine prospectively the relationship between the deep squatting test and medial elbow injuries in elementary school baseball players and to determine the usefulness of the lower extremity field test in throwing injuries. The participants were 254 players who had participated in preseason medical checkups in both 2019 and 2020 and had no problems with the 2019 medical checkups. The evaluation parameters included ultrasonography examination, physical examination, and three types of deep squatting tests. The success rate of deep squatting tests was significantly lower in the injured group than in the non-injured group in the medial elbow injuries. By the difficulty level, the backward test in the deep squatting test was more likely to predict medial elbow injuries than the forward and middle tests. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the squatting test and medial elbow injuries by grades. In conclusion, this is the first prospective study to provide evidence that the deep squatting tests, classified by difficulty level, can predict the risk of subsequent medial elbow injuries in elementary school players. The deep squatting test may be useful as a field test for lower extremity flexibility that can be performed by athletes and instructors, as it can predict the risk of subsequent medial elbow injuries.

Keywords: field tests; deep squatting test; medial elbow injuries; baseball player; longitudinal study (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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