Food Acquisition Locations and Food Groups Acquired According to Levels of Food Insecurity in Brazil

Roberta Teixeira de Oliveira (), Paulo César Pereira de Castro Junior, Yoko Ametista Carvalho Suéte Matos, Aline Alves Ferreira and Rosana Salles-Costa
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Roberta Teixeira de Oliveira: Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
Paulo César Pereira de Castro Junior: Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
Yoko Ametista Carvalho Suéte Matos: Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
Aline Alves Ferreira: Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
Rosana Salles-Costa: Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Josué de Castro Nutrition Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil

IJERPH, 2024, vol. 21, issue 12, 1-12

Abstract: Food insecurity (FI) is a persistent issue in Brazil, with significant disparities existing across the country’s macroregions. This study investigated the food acquisition locations and types of foods purchased at different levels of FI, utilizing data from 57,920 households in the 2017–2018 Brazilian Household Budget Survey. Food acquisition locations were grouped into supermarkets, small markets, street fairs/fruit and vegetable stores/public markets, and others. Foods were categorized into 12 groups: rice, beans, vegetables, fruits, red meats, fish, poultry, eggs, milk and dairy products, bread, cookies, and sugary drinks. Supermarkets are the primary source of food in Brazil. However, in the North and Northeast regions, small markets are more frequently used across all levels of FI. Nationally, most food groups are predominantly purchased at supermarkets. Nevertheless, households experiencing moderate or severe FI rely more on small markets for essential items such as rice, beans, and proteins, as well as ultraprocessed foods. These findings highlight the need for public policies that improve food access for vulnerable populations and address regional inequalities. Enhancing access and ensuring food security across different regions is essential to promoting equitable and healthy diets throughout the country.

Keywords: food security; food insecurity; socioeconomic factors; food environments; Brazil (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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