Being Cynical Is Bad for Your Wellbeing: A Structural Equation Model of the Relationship Between Cynicism and Mental Health in First Responders in South Africa

Anita Padmanabhanunni and Tyrone B. Pretorius ()
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Anita Padmanabhanunni: Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
Tyrone B. Pretorius: Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa

IJERPH, 2024, vol. 21, issue 12, 1-13

Abstract: Cynicism has been associated with adverse mental and physical health outcomes. This study investigated the role of cynicism in relation to indices of mental health among South African first responders. Research has highlighted that first responders are at increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes owing to the nature of their work. The sample consisted of 429 participants who completed a brief demographic questionnaire and several research instruments: Turner Cynicism Scale, Chalder Fatigue Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7. Structural equation modeling was used to explore the relationship between cynicism and mental health indicators. It included a measurement model, which identified four latent variables—cynicism, fatigue, depression, and anxiety—and their respective indicators, and a structural model, which defined the relationships among these latent variables. Path analysis was used to explore the potential mediating role of fatigue in the relationship between cynicism and indices of mental health. The results demonstrated significant associations between cynicism and anxiety, depression, and fatigue. Fatigue also mediated the relationship between cynicism and indices of mental health. The results underscore the importance of recognizing and addressing cynicism as a critical factor in the mental health of individuals working in high-stress occupations.

Keywords: anxiety; cynicism; depression; fatigue; first responders; paramedics; police (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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