Comparative Study on the Periodontal Parameters Used in Diagnosing Periodontitis in Puerperae and Periodontitis’ Relationship with the Birth of Preterm Infants: A Case-Control Study

Nayra Rodrigues de Vasconcelos Calixto, Fernanda Ferreira Lopes, Marcela Mayana Pereira Franco, Isaac Suzart Gomes-Filho, Bruno Braga Benatti and Cláudia Maria Coêlho Alves ()
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Nayra Rodrigues de Vasconcelos Calixto: Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
Fernanda Ferreira Lopes: Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
Marcela Mayana Pereira Franco: Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
Isaac Suzart Gomes-Filho: Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, Brazil
Bruno Braga Benatti: Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
Cláudia Maria Coêlho Alves: Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil

IJERPH, 2024, vol. 21, issue 2, 1-11

Abstract: To compare different criteria for the diagnosis of periodontitis and to evaluate the association of this condition with prematurity, this case-control study was conducted on 283 mothers of infants, divided into two groups based on gestational age (cases: <37 weeks, controls: ≥37 weeks), with 71 cases and 212 controls. The periodontal evaluation included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index, and bleeding on probing (BOP). Participants were classified regarding periodontitis per 14 criteria based on different periodontal parameters. The criterion selected as the gold standard was the presence of at least four teeth with one or more sites with a PD ≥ 4 mm, CAL ≥ 3 mm, and BOP at the same site. The prevalence of periodontal disease ranged from 8.1% to 55.1%. Moreover, compared to the gold standard, the sensitivities of the other criteria were 100%, while specificity ranged from 50.4% to 96.4%. Periodontitis, defined by six of the selected criteria, was associated with prematurity after multivariate adjustment, with OR ranging from 1.85 to 2.69 and 95% CI from 1.01 to 5.56; one of them was the gold standard mentioned above. Measurements using the clinical parameters of PD, CAL, and bleeding at the same site (criteria 5, 6, 7, 8), CPI (criterion 10), and at least four teeth with a PD ≥ 4 mm and CAL ≥ 3 mm (criterion 11) to define periodontitis showed a statistically significant association ( p < 0.05). Given this study’s limitations, we can conclude that the diagnostic criteria for a periodontitis definition using a PD ≥ 4 mm and CAL ≥ 3 mm in two or more teeth, with BOP at the same site, seem stronger when detecting an association between periodontitis and prematurity.

Keywords: pregnancy complications; premature infant; periodontal diseases; clinical diagnosis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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