Modeling of Human Rabies Cases in Brazil in Different Future Global Warming Scenarios

Jessica Milena Moura Neves (), Vinicius Silva Belo, Cristina Maria Souza Catita, Beatriz Fátima Alves de Oliveira and Marco Aurelio Pereira Horta
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Jessica Milena Moura Neves: Biosafety Level 3 Facility, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
Vinicius Silva Belo: Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Divinopolis 36307-352, Brazil
Cristina Maria Souza Catita: Department of Geographic Engineering, Geophysics and Energy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1649-004, Portugal
Beatriz Fátima Alves de Oliveira: Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, National School of Public Health and Regional Office of Piaui, Teresina 64001-350, Brazil
Marco Aurelio Pereira Horta: Biosafety Level 3 Facility, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil

IJERPH, 2024, vol. 21, issue 2, 1-15

Abstract: Bat species have been observed to have the potential to expand their distribution in response to climate change, thereby influencing shifts in the spatial distribution and population dynamics of human rabies cases. In this study, we applied an ensemble niche modeling approach to project climatic suitability under different future global warming scenarios for human rabies cases in Brazil, and assessed the impact on the probability of emergence of new cases. We obtained notification records of human rabies cases in all Brazilian cities from January 2001 to August 2023, as reported by the State and Municipal Health Departments. The current and future climate data were sourced from a digital repository on the WorldClim website. The future bioclimatic variables provided were downscaled climate projections from CMIP6 (a global model ensemble) and extracted from the regionalized climate model HadGEM3-GC31-LL for three future socioeconomic scenarios over four periods (2021–2100). Seven statistical algorithms (MAXENT, MARS, RF, FDA, CTA, GAM, and GLM) were selected for modeling human rabies. Temperature seasonality was the bioclimatic variable with the highest relative contribution to both current and future consensus models. Future scenario modeling for human rabies indicated a trend of changes in the areas of occurrence, maintaining the current pace of global warming, population growth, socioeconomic instability, and the loss of natural areas. In Brazil, there are areas with a higher likelihood of climatic factors contributing to the emergence of cases. When assessing future scenarios, a change in the local climatic suitability is observed that may lead to a reduction or increase in cases, depending on the region.

Keywords: human rabies; climate change; distribution modeling; CMIP6; Brazil (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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