Comparison of Urban versus Industry Normative Values of Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT™)

Tamerah N. Hunt () and Megan Byrd
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Tamerah N. Hunt: School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Megan Byrd: Department of Health Sciences Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA

IJERPH, 2024, vol. 21, issue 3, 1-13

Abstract: Concussion baseline testing has been advocated for the assessment of pre-morbid function. When individual baseline scores are unavailable, utilizing normative values is recommended. However, the validity of generalizing normative data across multiple socioeconomic environments is unknown. Objective: mimic the normative data creation of ImPACT™ to examine the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on ImPACT™ composite scores. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional design analyzed completed computerized neuropsychological test data (ImPACT™) obtained to establish the baseline scores of cognitive function from males aged 13–15 years ( n = 300) and 16–18 years ( n = 331) from an urban high school system. Comparisons between baseline scores and normative ImPACT™ values were calculated utilizing t -tests with ImPACT™ composite scores serving as dependent variables. Results: significant differences between age-dependent urban composite scores and ImPACT™ normative values for 13–15- and 16–18-year-olds were found for Composite Verbal Memory, Composite Visual Memory, Composite Motor and Composite Reaction Time ( p < 0.01). Conclusions: Significant differences exist between urban high school athletes and ImPACT™-provided age-dependent normative scores, with urban participants performing below age-dependent normative values. These findings support establishing SES appropriate normative values when baseline test scores are not available for direct comparison in order to provide better evaluation and post-concussion management across diverse populations.

Keywords: concussion; social determinants of health; adolescent; low SES; baseline testing (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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