Prevalence and Correlates of Food and/or Housing Instability among Men and Women Post-9/11 US Veterans

Yasmin S. Cypel (), Shira Maguen, Paul A. Bernhard, William J. Culpepper and Aaron I. Schneiderman
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Yasmin S. Cypel: Health Outcomes Military Exposures, Epidemiology Program, Office of Patient Care Services, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC 20420, USA
Shira Maguen: San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
Paul A. Bernhard: Health Outcomes Military Exposures, Epidemiology Program, Office of Patient Care Services, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC 20420, USA
William J. Culpepper: Health Outcomes Military Exposures, Epidemiology Program, Office of Patient Care Services, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC 20420, USA
Aaron I. Schneiderman: Health Outcomes Military Exposures, Epidemiology Program, Office of Patient Care Services, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC 20420, USA

IJERPH, 2024, vol. 21, issue 3, 1-16

Abstract: Food and/or housing instability (FHI) has been minimally examined in post-9/11 US veterans. A randomly selected nationally representative sample of men and women veterans (n = 38,633) from the post-9/11 US veteran population were mailed invitation letters to complete a survey on health and well-being. Principal component analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify FHI’s key constructs and correlates for 15,166 men and women respondents (9524 men, 5642 women). One-third of veterans reported FHI; it was significantly more likely among women than men (crude odds ratio = 1.31, 95% CI:1.21–1.41) and most prevalent post-service (64.2%). “Mental Health/Stress/Trauma”, “Physical Health”, and “Substance Use” were FHI’s major constructs. In both sexes, significant adjusted associations ( p < 0.01) were found between FHI and homelessness, depression, adverse childhood experiences, low social support, being enlisted, being non-deployed, living with seriously ill/disabled person(s), and living in dangerous neighborhoods. In men only, posttraumatic stress disorder (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.37, 95% CI:1.14–1.64), cholesterol level (elevated versus normal, AOR = 0.79, 95% CI:0.67–0.92), hypertension (AOR = 1.25, 95% CI:1.07–1.47), and illegal/street drug use (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI:1.10–1.49) were significant ( p < 0.01). In women only, morbid obesity (AOR = 1.90, 95%CI:1.05–3.42) and diabetes (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI:1.06–2.20) were significant ( p < 0.05). Interventions are needed that jointly target adverse food and housing, especially for post-9/11 veteran women and enlisted personnel.

Keywords: post-9/11 veterans; food insecurity; housing instability; social determinants of health; women’s health (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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