Association between Weather and Self-Monitored Steps in Individuals with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Sweden over Two Years

Yohannes Woldamanuel (), Patrick Bergman, Philip von Rosen, Unn-Britt Johansson, Maria Hagströmer and Jenny Rossen
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Yohannes Woldamanuel: Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
Patrick Bergman: Department of Medicine and Optometry, eHealth Institute, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
Philip von Rosen: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
Unn-Britt Johansson: Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
Maria Hagströmer: Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
Jenny Rossen: Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden

IJERPH, 2024, vol. 21, issue 4, 1-10

Abstract: Background: Many studies have identified key factors affecting the rates of engagement in physical activity in older adults with chronic disease. Environmental conditions, such as weather variations, can present challenges for individuals with chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes when engaging in physical activity. However, few studies have investigated the influence of weather on daily steps in people with chronic diseases, especially those with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Objective: This study investigated the association between weather variations and daily self-monitored step counts over two years among individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in Sweden. Methods: The study is a secondary analysis using data from the Sophia Step Study, aimed at promoting physical activity among people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, which recruited participants from two urban primary care centers in Stockholm and one rural primary care center in southern Sweden over eight rounds. This study measured physical activity using step counters (Yamax Digiwalker SW200) and collected self-reported daily steps. Environmental factors such as daily average temperature, precipitation, and hours of sunshine were obtained from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. A robust linear mixed-effects model was applied as the analysis method. Results: There was no association found between weather variations and the number of steps taken on a daily basis. The analysis indicated that only 10% of the variation in daily steps could be explained by the average temperature, precipitation, and sunshine hours after controlling for age, gender, and BMI. Conversely, individual factors explained approximately 38% of the variation in the observations. Conclusion: This study revealed that there was no association between weather conditions and the number of daily steps reported by individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes taking part in a physical activity intervention over two years. Despite the weather conditions, women and younger people reported more steps than their male and older counterparts.

Keywords: physical activity; precipitation; prediabetes; steps; sunshine; temperature; type 2 diabetes (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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