Cognitive Profile and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Julia Vázquez- de Sebastián (), Angel M. Ortiz-Zuñiga, Andreea Ciudin, Joan Ars, Marco Inzitari, Rafael Simó, Cristina Hernández, Sergio Ariño-Blasco, María José Barahona, Maite Franco, Xavier Gironès, María Cruz Crespo-Maraver, Joan Carles Rovira, Carmina Castellano-Tejedor and The DIALCAT Consortium
Additional contact information
Julia Vázquez- de Sebastián: Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08192 Barcelona, Spain
Angel M. Ortiz-Zuñiga: Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
Andreea Ciudin: Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
Joan Ars: RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research & Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili (VHIR-PSPV), 08023 Barcelona, Spain
Marco Inzitari: RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research & Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili (VHIR-PSPV), 08023 Barcelona, Spain
Rafael Simó: Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
Cristina Hernández: Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
Sergio Ariño-Blasco: Geriatric Service, Fundació Privada Hospital Asil de Granollers (FPHAG), 08402 Barcelona, Spain
María José Barahona: Endocrinology Service, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa (HUMT), 08221 Terrassa, Spain
Maite Franco: Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), 08227 Terrassa, Spain
Xavier Gironès: Faculty of Health Sciences (UM-FUB), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain
María Cruz Crespo-Maraver: Fundació Althaia-Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa (FA), 08243 Manresa, Spain
Joan Carles Rovira: Consorci Hospitalari de Vic (University Hospital of Vic), 08500 Vic, Spain
Carmina Castellano-Tejedor: RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research & Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili (VHIR-PSPV), 08023 Barcelona, Spain
The DIALCAT Consortium: Collaborators/Membership of the Group/Team Name is provided in the Acknowledgments.

IJERPH, 2024, vol. 21, issue 4, 1-16

Abstract: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in the older adults population and their specific impact on their cognitive profiles still requires further research. For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was carried out to describe the presence of CVRFs and their association with cognitive performance in a sample of older adults (65–85 years old) with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Participants ( n = 185) were divided into three groups concerning their cardiovascular risk level determined by the presence of different CVRFs, including Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity. The primary outcome measures were the participant’s scores in the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial data were collected. Non-parametrical statistical analyses and effect sizes were calculated. Findings revealed that a greater presence of CVRFs was not associated with a worse overall cognitive performance. High-risk patients were more likely to have significantly worse performance in the attentional domain compared to medium-risk ( p = 0.029, r = 0.42) and compared to low-risk ( p = 0.041, r = 0.35), specifically in the digits repetition subtest ( p = 0.042). T2D alone was the CVRF associated with cognitive differences ( p = 0.037, r = 0.32), possibly mediated by the duration of the condition. Consequently, a higher presence of CVRFs did not lead to a worse overall cognitive performance. However, high-risk individuals were more likely to experience cognitive impairment, particularly in the attentional domain. T2D played a significant role in these cognitive profile differences, possibly influenced by its duration.

Keywords: cardiovascular risk factors; type 2 diabetes; cognitive impairment; neuropsychological profile; mild cognitive impairment; older adults (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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