Multiple Job Holding, Job Changes, and Associations with Gestational Diabetes and Pregnancy-Related Hypertension in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study

Amel Omari (), Miriam R. Siegel, Carissa M. Rocheleau, Kaori Fujishiro, Kristen Van Buren, Dallas Shi, A.J. Agopian, Suzanne M. Gilboa and Paul A. Romitti
Additional contact information
Amel Omari: Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45213, USA
Miriam R. Siegel: Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45213, USA
Carissa M. Rocheleau: Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45213, USA
Kaori Fujishiro: Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45213, USA
Kristen Van Buren: Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45213, USA
Dallas Shi: Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45213, USA
A.J. Agopian: Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Suzanne M. Gilboa: Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
Paul A. Romitti: Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA

IJERPH, 2024, vol. 21, issue 5, 1-13

Abstract: We used National Birth Defects Prevention Study data to investigate associations between working patterns shortly before and during pregnancy and gestational diabetes and pregnancy-related hypertension. We analyzed working patterns (multiple-job holders, job changers, single-job holders) during the three months before and during pregnancy for 8140 participants who delivered a live-born child without a birth defect. “Multiple-job holders” worked more than one job simultaneously, “job changers” worked more than one job with no overlap, and “single-job holders” (referent) worked one job. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate associations between working pattern and each outcome, adjusting for maternal age and educational attainment at delivery. We explored effect measure modification by household income, peak weekly working hours, and maternal race/ethnicity. Multiple-job holders had higher odds of gestational diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–2.1) and pregnancy-related hypertension (aOR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0–2.2) compared with single-job holders. Multiple-job holders with a household income of more than 30,000 USD per year, 32–44 peak weekly working hours, and from racial/ethnic minority groups had higher odds of gestational diabetes compared with single-job holders in respective categories. Detailed occupational information is important for studies of occupation and maternal health.

Keywords: gestational diabetes; hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; job change; maternal morbidity; multiple-job holding (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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