Predictive Factors Associated with Future Decline in Swallowing Function among Japanese Older People Aged ≥ 75 Years

Komei Iwai, Tetsuji Azuma, Takatoshi Yonenaga, Yasuyuki Sasai, Yoshinari Komatsu, Koichiro Tabata, Taketsugu Nomura, Iwane Sugiura, Yujo Inagawa, Yusuke Matsumoto, Seiji Nakashima, Yoshikazu Abe and Takaaki Tomofuji ()
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Komei Iwai: Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1-1851 Hozumi, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan
Tetsuji Azuma: Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1-1851 Hozumi, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan
Takatoshi Yonenaga: Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1-1851 Hozumi, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan
Yasuyuki Sasai: Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1-1851 Hozumi, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan
Yoshinari Komatsu: Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1-1851 Hozumi, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan
Koichiro Tabata: Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1-1851 Hozumi, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan
Taketsugu Nomura: Gifu Dental Association, 1-18 Minamidori, Kano-cho, Gifu 500-8486, Gifu, Japan
Iwane Sugiura: Gifu Dental Association, 1-18 Minamidori, Kano-cho, Gifu 500-8486, Gifu, Japan
Yujo Inagawa: Gifu Dental Association, 1-18 Minamidori, Kano-cho, Gifu 500-8486, Gifu, Japan
Yusuke Matsumoto: Gifu Dental Association, 1-18 Minamidori, Kano-cho, Gifu 500-8486, Gifu, Japan
Seiji Nakashima: Gifu Dental Association, 1-18 Minamidori, Kano-cho, Gifu 500-8486, Gifu, Japan
Yoshikazu Abe: Gifu Dental Association, 1-18 Minamidori, Kano-cho, Gifu 500-8486, Gifu, Japan
Takaaki Tomofuji: Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1-1851 Hozumi, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan

IJERPH, 2024, vol. 21, issue 6, 1-10

Abstract: Predictive factors associated with a decline in swallowing function after 2 years were examined in 3409 Japanese older people aged ≥ 75 years who had undergone a dental checkup in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Participants with normal swallowing function in a baseline survey in April 2018 were followed for 2 years. Swallowing function was assessed using a repetitive saliva swallowing test. In our study, 429 participants (13%) who were swallowing less than three times in 30 s based on a repetitive saliva swallowing test after 2 years were diagnosed as those with decline in swallowing function. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed the decline in swallowing function after 2 years was associated with the male gender (odds ratio [ORs]: 0.772; 95% confidence interval [CIs]: 0.615–0.969), age ≥ 81 years (presence; ORs: 1.523; 95% CIs: 1.224–1.895), support/care-need certification (presence; ORs: 1.815; 95% CIs: 1.361–2.394), periodontal pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 4 mm (presence; ORs: 1.469; 95% CIs: 1.163–1.856), difficulty in biting hard food (yes; ORs: 1.439; 95% CIs: 1.145–1.808), choking on tea and water (yes; ORs: 2.543; 95% CIs: 2.025–3.193), and dry mouth (yes; ORs: 1.316; 95% CIs: 1.052–1.646) at baseline. Therefore, the dental checkup items associated with a decline in swallowing function after 2 years were a PPD ≥ 4 mm, difficulty in biting hard food, choking on tea and water, and dry mouth. PPD status and confirming to the self-administered questionnaire about biting, choking, and dry mouth may be useful in predicting future decline in swallowing function.

Keywords: biting; choking; dry mouth; periodontal pocket depth; swallowing function; longitudinal study (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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