The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Low Bone Mineral Density in the Population of the Abay Region of Kazakhstan

Madina Madiyeva (), Tamara Rymbayeva, Alida Kaskabayeva, Gulzhan Bersimbekova, Gulnur Kanapiyanova, Mariya Prilutskaya, Dinara Akhmetzhanova, Aliya Alimbayeva and Nazarbek Omarov
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Madina Madiyeva: Department of Radiology, Semey Medical University, Abay Street, 103, Abay Region, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
Tamara Rymbayeva: Department of Internal Diseases and Rheumatology, Semey Medical University, Abay Street, 103, Abay Region, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
Alida Kaskabayeva: Department of Internal Diseases and Rheumatology, Semey Medical University, Abay Street, 103, Abay Region, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
Gulzhan Bersimbekova: Department of Internal Diseases and Rheumatology, Semey Medical University, Abay Street, 103, Abay Region, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
Gulnur Kanapiyanova: Department of Internal Diseases and Rheumatology, Semey Medical University, Abay Street, 103, Abay Region, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
Mariya Prilutskaya: Department of Personalised Medicine, Pavlodar Branch of Semey Medical University, TorajgyrovStreet 72/1, Pavlodar Region, Pavlodar 140001, Kazakhstan
Dinara Akhmetzhanova: Department of Pediatrics and Medical Rehabilitation Named after Tusupova D.M., Semey Medical University, Abay Street, 103, Abay Region, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
Aliya Alimbayeva: Department of Pediatrics and Medical Rehabilitation Named after Tusupova D.M., Semey Medical University, Abay Street, 103, Abay Region, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan
Nazarbek Omarov: Scientific Research Department, Semey Medical University, Abay Street, 103, Abay Region, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan

IJERPH, 2024, vol. 21, issue 6, 1-11

Abstract: Osteoporosis is considered a serious public health problem that particularly affects the postmenopausal period. In 2018, in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the prevalence of osteoporosis was 10.0, and the incidence was 3.7 new cases, per 100,000 adults, respectively. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis and indicate the main factors affecting low bone mineral density by screening the adult population of the Abay region, Kazakhstan. The target group comprised 641 respondents aged between 18 and 65 years old, from a Kazakh population, who had been living in the Abay region since birth. All participants filled out a questionnaire and were subjected to a bone mineral density measurement by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) between 15 July 2023 and 29 February 2024. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between low bone mineral density and key demographic characteristics, such as lifestyle factors and nutritional habits. We identified the prevalence of low bone mass (osteopenia) and osteoporosis to be 34.1%, with the highest prevalence of 48.3% being found in the older population group (50+ years). The regression analysis revealed a number of indicators associated with the likelihood of bone sparing. However, only four of these showed significance in the final multivariate model (R 2 = 22.4%). These were age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.05) and fracture history (AOR 1.64) directly associated with the likelihood of low bone density. Meanwhile, the body mass index (AOR 0.92) and the consumption of nuts and dried fruits (AOR 0.48) reduced the chance of bone tissue demineralization. Additional studies examining the prevalence and any emerging risk factors for osteoporosis are needed to advance clinical epidemiological knowledge and implement public health programs.

Keywords: bone mineral density; osteoporosis; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; dietary patterns; aging (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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