Energy-Dense and Low-Fiber Dietary Pattern May Be a Key Contributor to the Rising Obesity Rates in Brazil

Iuna Arruda Alves (), Mahsa Jessri, Luana Silva Monteiro, Luiz Eduardo da Silva Gomes, Taís de Souza Lopes, Edna Massae Yokoo, Rosely Sichieri and Rosangela Alves Pereira
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Iuna Arruda Alves: Graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
Mahsa Jessri: Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
Luana Silva Monteiro: Institute of Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé 27930-560, RJ, Brazil
Luiz Eduardo da Silva Gomes: Graduate Program in Statistics, Institute of Mathematics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
Taís de Souza Lopes: Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
Edna Massae Yokoo: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Collective Health, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói 24030-210, RJ, Brazil
Rosely Sichieri: Institute of Social Medicine, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, RJ, Brazil
Rosangela Alves Pereira: Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil

IJERPH, 2024, vol. 21, issue 8, 1-14

Abstract: Hybrid methods are a suitable option for extracting dietary patterns associated with health outcomes. This study aimed to identify the dietary patterns of Brazilian adults (20–59 years old; n = 28,153) related to dietary components associated with the risk of obesity. Data from the 2017–2018 Brazilian National Dietary Survey were analyzed. Food consumption was obtained through 24 h recall. Dietary patterns were extracted using partial least squares regression, using energy density (ED), percentage of total fat (%TF), and fiber density (FD) as response variables. In addition, 32 food groups were established as predictor variables in the model. The first dietary pattern, named as energy-dense and low-fiber (ED-LF), included with the positive factor loadings solid fats, breads, added-sugar beverages, fast foods, sauces, pasta, and cheeses, and negative factor loadings rice, beans, vegetables, water, and fruits (≥|0.15|). Higher adherence to the ED-LF dietary pattern was observed for individuals >40 years old from urban areas, in the highest income level, who were not on a diet, reported away-from-home food consumption, and having ≥1 snack/day. The dietary pattern characterized by a low intake of fruits, vegetables, and staple foods and a high intake of fast foods and sugar-sweetened beverages may contribute to the obesity scenario in Brazil.

Keywords: obesity; nutrition surveys; diet; feeding behavior; adult (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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