Association between COVID-19 Vaccines and Menstrual Disorders: Retrospective Cohort Study of Women Aged 12–55 Years Old in Catalonia, Spain

Laura Esteban-Cledera, Carlo Alberto Bissacco, Meritxell Pallejá-Millán, Marcela Villalobos and Felipe Villalobos ()
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Laura Esteban-Cledera: Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
Carlo Alberto Bissacco: Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
Meritxell Pallejá-Millán: Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
Marcela Villalobos: Estudis de Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08012 Barcelona, Spain
Felipe Villalobos: Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain

IJERPH, 2024, vol. 21, issue 8, 1-16

Abstract: During the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines, concerns emerged about potential adverse effects on menstrual health. This study examines the association between COVID-19 vaccination—considering the number of doses and vaccine type—and menstrual disorders, specifically heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and amenorrhea (AM). Utilizing electronic health records from the Sistema d’Informació per al Desenvolupament de la Investigació en Atenció Primària (SIDIAP) database in Catalonia, Spain, the retrospective cohort included 1,172,621 vaccinated women aged 12–55 with no prior menstrual disorders observed from 27 December 2020 to 30 June 2023. The incidence rate of HMB and AM increased with the second and third doses of the vaccine. Notably, the AstraZeneca ® and Janssen ® vaccines were associated with higher odds of HMB (OR: 1.765, CI: 1.527–2.033; OR: 2.155, CI: 1.873–2.476, respectively) and AM (OR: 1.623, CI: 1.416–1.854; OR: 1.989, CI: 1.740–2.269, respectively) from the first to the second dose compared to Pfizer/BioNTech ® . Conversely, the Moderna ® vaccine appeared to offer a protective effect against HMB (OR: 0.852, CI: 0.771–0.939) and AM (OR: 0.861, CI: 0.790–0.937) between the second and third doses. These results were adjusted for potential confounders, such as age, previous COVID-19 infection, and other relevant covariates.

Keywords: COVID-19 vaccine; menstrual disorders; women health (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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