Exploring Family Typologies and Health Outcomes in a Dutch Primary Care Population of Children Living in Urban Cities in the Netherlands: A Latent Class Analysis

Samantha F. F. Groenestein (), Matty R. Crone, Evelien M. Dubbeldeman, Stijntje Lottman, Jessica C. Kiefte- de Jong, Jet Bussemaker and Suzan van der Pas
Additional contact information
Samantha F. F. Groenestein: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
Matty R. Crone: Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Evelien M. Dubbeldeman: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
Stijntje Lottman: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
Jessica C. Kiefte- de Jong: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
Jet Bussemaker: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
Suzan van der Pas: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 10, 1-25

Abstract: This study examined social and physical environmental exposures, health, and healthcare utilization among children aged 0–12 in urban areas. A population-based cross-sectional design was used, incorporating general practitioners’ data (2018–2019, n = 14,547), and societal and environmental data. Latent class analysis identified three distinct classes based on child and family demographics: ‘Dutch-origin two-parent household’ ( n = 7267), ‘households with diverse countries of origin’ ( n = 4313), and ‘single-parent household’ ( n = 2967). Binary and multinomial logistic regression examined associations with environmental factors and child health outcomes. Children from the Dutch-origin class most often had favorable family demographics, neighborhood conditions, and health outcomes. Children from the diverse countries of origin class most often faced adverse neighborhood conditions, had higher rates of physical or somatic health conditions, and higher healthcare costs. Children from the single-parent class more often had less favorable family demographics, a higher likelihood of mental health problems, more frequent general practitioner visits, and were often in contact with youth care. This study highlights how child and family demographics and social and neighborhood conditions impact child health and healthcare utilization. Future approaches should focus on strategies to build and strengthen family and community resilience and adopt family-centered, context-sensitive interventions.

Keywords: family typologies; latent class analysis; child health; neighborhood livability; early life vulnerability; family demographics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/22/10/1474/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/22/10/1474/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:22:y:2025:i:10:p:1474-:d:1757204

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().