Association of Diarrhea Outcomes with Drinking Water Factors, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Malaria Practices in the Population of Béré, Chad

Marie-Claire Boutrin (), Marci Andersen, Zach Gately, Charis McLarty and Edirlei Santos
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Marie-Claire Boutrin: Biological Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Oakwood University, 7000 Adventist Blvd NW, Huntsville, AL 35896, USA
Marci Andersen: Global Health Department, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Drive, Nichol Hall, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
Zach Gately: Global Health Department, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Drive, Nichol Hall, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
Charis McLarty: Global Health Department, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Drive, Nichol Hall, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
Edirlei Santos: Global Health Department, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Drive, Nichol Hall, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 10, 1-29

Abstract: Chad, one of the poorest Sub-Saharan Central African countries, has one of the worst global diarrhea burdens. Project 21 seeks to enhance community health in the rural town of Béré, Chad but it is lacking. The study aims to determine diarrhea outcomes and associated factors, such as drinking water, malaria, sanitation and hygiene resources and practices, in Béré. A survey questionnaire was administered by trained community health workers using a random sampling method. The respondents ( n = 484) are predominantly Nangtchéré (87%) evangelical (63%) males (88%) aged between 40–59 years old (43%) with secondary school education level (37%) or 8 years of school on average, from nuclear families (78%) with seven members on average, and of medium housing standard (56%). Drinking water treatment, transport and storage ( p < 0.001), malaria related factors ( p < 0.001), sanitation and hygiene practices ( p < 0.001), children diarrhea experience, and treatment ( p < 0.001) are predictors of diarrhea outcomes in adults. Also, factors related to drinking water transport, treatment and storage ( p < 0.001), malaria ( p < 0.001), health advice source ( p < 0.001), sanitation and hygiene ( p < 0.001), adult diarrhea experiences, and treatment ( p < 0.001) are predictors of children diarrhea outcomes. Future interventions targeting the above factors are warranted.

Keywords: drinking water; water treatment; sanitation; hygiene; hand washing; malaria; diarrhea; rural community (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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