Assessing Zoonotic Disease Exposure and Occupational Health and Safety Practices Among Veterinary Services Fieldworkers in North West Province, South Africa

Sboniso Mhlongo, Nisha Naicker and Tanusha Singh ()
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Sboniso Mhlongo: North West Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Veterinary Services, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
Nisha Naicker: Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
Tanusha Singh: Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 10, 1-13

Abstract: Background: Veterinary fieldworkers play an important role in managing animal and public health risks, yet they face significant occupational hazards, particularly from zoonotic diseases. In South Africa’s North West Province, the occupational health and safety (OHS) of this workforce remains understudied. This study aimed to describe and characterize the OHS practices, zoonotic disease risk exposures, and contributing factors affecting veterinary services fieldworkers in the North West Province. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 137 veterinary fieldworkers, including animal health technicians, state veterinarians, and veterinary public health officers. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire focusing on sociodemographics, knowledge of zoonoses, exposure history, and OHS practices. Descriptive statistics were applied using SPSS version 27. Results: Fieldworkers frequently reported contact with animals, animal waste, and body fluids without consistent access to adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) or comprehensive training. While most were aware of common zoonoses such as rabies and brucellosis, less than half received regular OHS training or vaccinations. Significant associations were found between occupational category and reported PPE use, as well as between knowledge levels and years of experience. Conclusions: This study highlights critical gaps in knowledge of zoonotic disease, inconsistent implementation of safety protocols, and inadequate PPE provision and/or use among veterinary fieldworkers. These findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen occupational health frameworks, standardize training, and improve access to protective resources to safeguard both workers and broader public health.

Keywords: zoonotic diseases; occupational exposure; veterinary fieldworkers; personal protective equipment; South Africa; occupational health and safety (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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