Influence of Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors on Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Saudi Arabia

Leena R. Baghdadi () and Mohammed K. Alhassan
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Leena R. Baghdadi: Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed K. Alhassan: College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 11, 1-20

Abstract: Background/Objectives: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) frequently experience depression and anxiety, adversely affecting their quality of life. Addressing mental health in this population is a key public health priority. This study is aimed at examining the influence of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors on these conditions, which is essential for comprehensive patient care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a regional hospital in Riyadh between March and November 2022, involving 213 patients diagnosed with RA. Depression and anxiety levels were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and sociodemographic and lifestyle information was collected via questionnaires and from patients’ medical records. To identify significant associations, bivariate and regression statistical analyses were performed. Results: The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety were 16.4% and 23%, respectively. Significant associations were found between sociodemographic factors (age, marital status, education level, healthcare facility type) and depression and anxiety levels. Lifestyle factors, specifically sugar-sweetened drink consumption, were significantly associated with anxiety. Conclusions: Sociodemographic and nutritional factors play a crucial role in shaping the psychological well-being of patients with RA. These findings highlight the importance of adopting holistic care strategies that address both the physical and mental health needs of these patients. Enhancing access to preventive medicine and public health services in Saudi Arabia is essential for achieving this goal. Future research should continue to explore these associations to guide the development of targeted interventions.

Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis; DMARDs; depression; anxiety; sociodemographic factors; lifestyle habits (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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