Instability in the Penta-C and Penta-D Loci in Microsatellite-Unstable Endometrial Cancer

Ahmet Yilmaz, Wendy L. Frankel, Weiqiang Zhao, Adrian A. Suarez, Wei Chen, Joshua F. Coleman, Joseph P. McElroy, Rachel Pearlman, Paul J. Goodfellow and Heather Hampel ()
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Ahmet Yilmaz: Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Wendy L. Frankel: Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Weiqiang Zhao: Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Adrian A. Suarez: Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Wei Chen: Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Joshua F. Coleman: Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
Joseph P. McElroy: Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Rachel Pearlman: Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Paul J. Goodfellow: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Heather Hampel: Division of Clinical Cancer Genomics, Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 11, 1-15

Abstract: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic cancer. Early detection is one of the most important predictors of survival. The cancer is curable if detected early but the five-year survival rate in advanced cases can be as low as 22%. Microsatellite instability (MSI) testing is used to screen populations for Lynch Syndrome (LS), the most common cause of inherited EC, and to classify EC into distinct groups with unique histological, prognostic, and molecular features. Accurate sample identification is crucial for successful MSI testing because instability is assessed by comparing amplification patterns in markers in the normal and tumor samples that must be taken from the same individual. Penta-C and Penta-D pentanucleotide markers are used widely for sample identification in not only MSI testing but also parentage verification, forensic science, and population genetics studies. The objective of this study was to test 324 pairs of tumor and matched normal DNAs from EC patients for instability in these markers using the Promega MSI Analysis System TM considered the “gold standard” in MSI testing. Both markers were unstable, and therefore not reliable for MSI testing, in 8.2% of the EC patients with MSI. Instability in both mono- and pentanucleotide markers suggest that the tumors with MSI likely suffer from a “generalized” form of instability also affecting other short tandem repeats. Results from many studies using these markers for various purposes may not be accurate if samples with MSI are involved.

Keywords: endometrial cancer; microsatellite instability; Penta-C; Penta-D; immunohistochemistry; DNA mismatch repair (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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