Where Are the Knowledge Gaps in Menopause Across a Population? A National Cross-Sectional Survey in Wales

Catherine A. Sharp, Nicola Dennis (), Gemma Hobson, Marysia Hamilton-Kirkwood and Karen Hughes
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Catherine A. Sharp: Policy and International Health Directorate, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health & Well-Being, Public Health Wales, Cardiff CF10 4BZ, UK
Nicola Dennis: Applied Health Research Department, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Gemma Hobson: Public Health Wales, Cardiff CF10 4BZ, UK
Marysia Hamilton-Kirkwood: Public Health, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Merthyr Tydfil CF48 1BZ, UK
Karen Hughes: Policy and International Health Directorate, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health & Well-Being, Public Health Wales, Cardiff CF10 4BZ, UK

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 2, 1-16

Abstract: Background: A knowledge gap exists on population understanding and perspectives of menopause. To better support females, it is important to understand different population groups’ perceived knowledge of and attitudes towards menopause. This study explored perceived knowledge of menopause, awareness of menopausal symptoms, perceived negative impacts of menopause on females’ lives, and attitudes towards menopause. Methods: A national cross-sectional survey (n = 1020) was conducted with residents in Wales aged 16+ years as part of a larger population panel using a multi-method approach (online, telephone, and face-to-face), stratified by NHS health board area, age, sex, deprivation, and ethnicity. Questions on menopause were developed by the research team. Results: Nearly a third (31.1%) of participants reported having low knowledge of menopause, with younger age groups and males reporting the lowest knowledge. Hot flushes were the most recognised menopause symptom (92.2%). The symptom with the greatest gap in awareness between age groups, sexes, and deprivation quintiles was problems with memory or concentration. Most participants perceived menopause to have a large negative impact on females’ mental health (76.1%), working life (69.7%) and physical health (69.6%). Females and 30–49-year-olds were more likely to perceive large negative impacts across all three domains. Most participants (77.8%) agreed that more public discussion is needed on menopause to increase understanding. The greatest support for increasing public discussion was found amongst females and people aged 30–49 years old. Conclusions: At a population level, perceived knowledge of menopause and associated symptoms and perceived impacts on females’ lives varied across socio-demographic groups. While males were less knowledgeable than females, most males perceived negative impacts on females’ lives and agreed with action to improve the menopausal environment. Increasing knowledge in those who experience menopause and in those who support those who experience menopause could help females have a more positive transition process.

Keywords: menopause; population; demographics; women; attitudes; perceptions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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