Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in ICU Survivors: Correlations with Long-Term Psychiatric and Physical Outcomes

Valerio Dell’Oste, Maria Martelli, Sara Fantasia, Debora Andreoli, Berenice Rimoldi, Andrea Bordacchini, Silvia Pini and Claudia Carmassi ()
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Valerio Dell’Oste: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Maria Martelli: Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Sara Fantasia: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Debora Andreoli: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Berenice Rimoldi: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Andrea Bordacchini: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Silvia Pini: Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Claudia Carmassi: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 3, 1-11

Abstract: Intensive care unit (ICU) admission can represent a relevant physical and psychological burden in patients, leading to long-term mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The present study aimed to systematically assess the physical and psychiatric (particularly depressive, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress) symptoms in patients discharged from the ICU of a major University Hospital in Italy (Pisa) 6 months earlier, with particular, attention to differences between patients who developed PTSD and those who did not. The strength of this study is to increase the understanding of PTSD, depressive and anxiety symptoms; in particular, their correlations with the physical sequalae. Subjects were assessed six months after ICU discharge by means of the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E), Quality of Life after Brain Injury (QOLIBRI), the 3-level version of the EQ-5D (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire, Impact of Event Scale-Revised 22-item (IES-R), Patient Health Questionnaire, 9-Item Version (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment, 7-item version (GAD-7). The results of this study showed, in accordance with the IES-R, a moderate prevalence of PTSD (25.3%) six month after ICU discharge and a statistically significant higher prevalence (63.6%, p = 0.039) of moderate and severe disabilities in the PTSD group compared to the no-PTSD group, as well as higher depressive and anxiety symptoms and other psychiatric sequelae, suggesting the need for accurate long-term psychiatric assessment in ICU survivors.

Keywords: PTSD; ICU; anxiety; depression; disability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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