HLA Polymorphisms Linked to the Severity and Extent of Periodontitis in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes from a Brazilian Mixed Population

Carlos Felipe Sousa Menezes, Lucas Meneses Lage, Luís Gustavo Souza Santos, Gilvan Cortês Nascimento, Marcelo Magalhães, Alexandre Facundo, Dayse Aparecida Silva, Luís Cristóvão Porto, Marília Brito Gomes, Manuel dos Santos Faria, Rossana Sousa Azulay and Vandilson Rodrigues ()
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Carlos Felipe Sousa Menezes: School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65085-580, MA, Brazil
Lucas Meneses Lage: School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65085-580, MA, Brazil
Luís Gustavo Souza Santos: School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65085-580, MA, Brazil
Gilvan Cortês Nascimento: Research Group in Clinical Endocrinology and Molecular Metabolism, São Luís 65020-070, MA, Brazil
Marcelo Magalhães: Research Group in Clinical Endocrinology and Molecular Metabolism, São Luís 65020-070, MA, Brazil
Alexandre Facundo: Research Group in Clinical Endocrinology and Molecular Metabolism, São Luís 65020-070, MA, Brazil
Dayse Aparecida Silva: DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, RJ, Brazil
Luís Cristóvão Porto: DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, RJ, Brazil
Marília Brito Gomes: Diabetes Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil
Manuel dos Santos Faria: Research Group in Clinical Endocrinology and Molecular Metabolism, São Luís 65020-070, MA, Brazil
Rossana Sousa Azulay: Research Group in Clinical Endocrinology and Molecular Metabolism, São Luís 65020-070, MA, Brazil
Vandilson Rodrigues: School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65085-580, MA, Brazil

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 4, 1-13

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles (DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1) and the severity and extent of periodontitis in patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 49 patients with T1D. Demographic data and diabetes history were collected. A clinical examination was performed to assess periodontal variables. The patients were categorized by the periodontitis severity and the extent of periodontitis. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed to identify the percentage of autosomal ancestry (Native American, European, and African) and the HLA-DRB1*, HLA-DQA1*, and HLA-DQB1* alleles. The DRB1*03 and DRB1*15 haplogroups were significantly associated with an increased risk of generalized periodontitis (OR = 19.8, 95% CI = 1.14–346, p = 0.003; OR = 41.2, 95% CI = 1.85–917, p < 0.001) and severe periodontitis (OR = 7.7, 95% CI = 1.68–35.5, p = 0.003; OR = 21.2, 95% CI = 0.97–461, p = 0.005). No associations were observed between the HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles and periodontitis. These findings suggest that patients with T1D from a highly mixed Brazilian population carrying the DRB1*03 and DRB1*15 haplogroups are at higher risk for developing more severe and generalized forms of periodontitis.

Keywords: human leukocyte antigen; type 1 diabetes; periodontal diseases (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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