Prevalence of CVD Among Indian Adult Population: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mohd Shannawaz (), Isha Rathi, Nikita Shah, Shazina Saeed, Amrish Chandra () and Harpreet Singh
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Mohd Shannawaz: Amity Institute of Public Health & Hospital Administration, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
Isha Rathi: Amity Institute of Public Health & Hospital Administration, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
Nikita Shah: Amity Institute of Public Health & Hospital Administration, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
Shazina Saeed: Amity Institute of Public Health & Hospital Administration, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
Amrish Chandra: School of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
Harpreet Singh: Development Research, Indian Council of Medical Research (CMR), Delhi 110029, India

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 4, 1-16

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity globally. Over three-quarters of CVD-related deaths now occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); India accounts for one-fifth of global CVD-related deaths, especially among the younger population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of CVD among the Indian adult population. We systematically searched Scopus and PubMed from January 2000 to December 2024 to identify relevant articles and pooled the prevalence of CVD using random-effects meta-analysis. Among the 14,647 records screened, 501 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 15 studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of CVD was 11% (95% CI: 0.09–0.17). Subgroup analysis showed prevalence rates of 12% among males and 14% among females. Urban areas had a higher prevalence (12%) compared to rural areas (6%), with a significant difference. Our study shows the significant prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in India, particularly in urban areas, with slightly higher rates among females. Focused public health strategies are required to mitigate the growing burden of CVD, along with preventive measures, to reduce further increases in disease prevalence and related fatalities.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; systematic review; meta-analysis; prevalence; India (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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