The Quality of Life and Associated Factors Among Older Adults in Central Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the WHOQOL-OLD Tool

Rubisha Adhikari, Rajani Shah, Kamal Ghimire, Birat Khanal, Sunil Baral, Anisha Adhikari, Dinesh Kumar Malla and Vishnu Khanal ()
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Rubisha Adhikari: Shree Medical and Technical College, Purbanchal University, Bharatpur 44207, Nepal
Rajani Shah: School of Health Science, Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT), Bharatpur 44200, Nepal
Kamal Ghimire: Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Birat Khanal: Universal College of Medical Science, Bhairahawa 32900, Nepal
Sunil Baral: Chitwan Medical College, Bharatput 44200, Nepal
Anisha Adhikari: Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44614, Nepal
Dinesh Kumar Malla: Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur 44207, Nepal
Vishnu Khanal: Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Remote Health Systems and Climate Change Centre, Alice Springs, NT 0870, Australia

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 5, 1-13

Abstract: Ensuring people’s quality of life (QOL) has become increasingly challenging due to population aging. This study aimed to investigate the QOL among older people and factors associated with it in an urban setting of Central Nepal using the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-OLD) tool. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Central Nepal. The association between QOL and independent variables was first examined using a univariate analysis of variance followed by multiple linear regressions. The mean age of the 366 participants was 70 years (standard deviation [SD]: 8.2 years). The mean of the overall QOL scores was 74.37 (SD: 7.82). Older people who were literate (regression coefficient (β): 1.909; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.771 (1.986, 5.556)), who had an annual household income of NPR 40,000 (Nepalese Rupees) or more (β: 1.909: 95% CI: 0.337, 3.480), who reported health services as accessible (β: 4.019; 95% CI: 0.666, 7.371) and affordable (β: 3.176; 95% CI: 1.327, 5.025), and who reported partaking in physical activity (β: 2.107; 95% CI: 0.607, 3.606) had higher QOL scores compared to their respective counterparts. A holistic model of service using the social determinants of health framework is essential to improve the well-being of older people in Nepal.

Keywords: older people; quality of life; urban health; Nepal; WHOQOL-OLD (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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