An Epidemiologic Approach for Estimating Risk Reduction and Asymptotic Power on the Log-Difference Scale

Jimmy T. Efird ()
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Jimmy T. Efird: Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Lafayette City Center, 2 Avenue de Lafayette, Boston, MA 02111, USA

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 5, 1-14

Abstract: When comparing the efficacy or harmfulness of two groups (e.g., drugs, devices, assays, interventions, environmental toxins), it is important to minimize bias by making this comparison with respect to a common referent-control group, assuming random allocation. Under such a scenario, one can estimate risk reduction for a new therapy on a log-difference, relative effect scale. The current manuscript reviews the large-sample framework for this conditionally independent comparison and demonstrates how to estimate test power for a given sample size.

Keywords: clinical trials; common referent-control; conditional independence; multiplicity adjustment; power; risk reduction; sample size (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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