Screening with the Bilateral Corneal Symmetry 3-D Analyzer

Shiva Mehravaran (), Allen Eghrari, Siamak Yousefi, Fahmi Khalifa, Guita Ghiasi and Azadeh Farahi
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Shiva Mehravaran: Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
Allen Eghrari: Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
Siamak Yousefi: Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38136, USA
Fahmi Khalifa: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
Guita Ghiasi: Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
Azadeh Farahi: Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Tehran P.O. Box 3475-19395, Iran

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 5, 1-9

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an innovative platform (the Bilateral Corneal Symmetry 3-D Analyzer—BiCSA) and a novel corneal symmetry index (the Volume Between Spheres—VBS) in differentiating normal corneas from those with keratoconus. Pentacam imaging data from 30 healthy corneas and 30 keratoconus cases were analyzed. BiCSA was utilized to determine the VBS for each case. Statistical analyses included comparing mean VBS values between groups and assessing sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values (PPVs). Keratoconus patients exhibited significantly higher VBS scores compared to healthy controls, particularly within the central 4.0 mm zone (11.4 versus 6.3). Using a VBS threshold of 11.3 in the central zone identified 40% of keratoconus cases (40% sensitivity), but 100% of cases surpassing the threshold were keratoconus (100% PPV). Lowering the threshold to 10.4 increased case detection to 90% while maintaining a high PPV (84.2%). These findings suggest that VBS, particularly when focused on the central 4.0 mm zone, can be a valuable tool for early keratoconus screening and identifying potential corneal abnormalities requiring further clinical evaluation. No healthy control corneas in this study exceeded a VBS threshold of 11.4 at 4 mm, indicating that values above this warrant further investigation.

Keywords: corneal topography; interocular symmetry; keratoconus; corneal elevation; anterior cornea; posterior cornea (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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