Toothbrushing Frequency in Saudi Arabia: Associations with Sociodemographics, Oral Health Access, General Health, and Diet

Naif Nabel Abogazalah (), Amani Alzubaidi, Saleh Ali Alqahtani, Nada Ahmad Alamoudi and Esperanza Angeles Martinez-Mier
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Naif Nabel Abogazalah: Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, King Faisal University College of Dentistry, Hufof 36362, Saudi Arabia
Amani Alzubaidi: Department of Maxillofacial Dental Surgery, King Khalid University College of Dentistry, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
Saleh Ali Alqahtani: Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, King Faisal University College of Dentistry, Hufof 36362, Saudi Arabia
Nada Ahmad Alamoudi: Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, King Faisal University College of Dentistry, Hufof 36362, Saudi Arabia
Esperanza Angeles Martinez-Mier: Department of Dental Public Health and Dental Informatics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 5, 1-12

Abstract: This study explores the toothbrushing frequency and its association with sociodemographic factors, health status, and dietary habits in Saudi Arabia. Using data from the 2017 National Demographic and Health Survey by the Ministry of Health, we analyzed responses from 44,779 individuals aged five and older. Statistical analysis using SPSS and multinomial regression revealed that 57.3% of the population brushed their teeth less than once a day. Differences were noted across regions, ages, and genders. Key factors associated with increased brushing frequency included age (45–54 vs. older than 60), nationality (Saudi vs. non-Saudi), region (Western vs. Central), and marital status (married vs. non-married). Conversely, individuals with co-morbidities, disabilities, smokers, and those without prior dental treatment were less likely to maintain recommended oral hygiene practices. Our findings suggest that toothbrushing practices fall short of professional recommendations, highlighting a need for enhanced educational efforts. Oral health care providers in Saudi Arabia are encouraged to implement regular awareness programs to improve brushing habits and overall oral hygiene.

Keywords: toothbrushing frequency; oral hygiene; dental hygiene; preventive dentistry (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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