Community Engagement Within the Evaluation of Public Policies for Zoonotic Spillover Prevention: A Secondary Matrix Analysis

Nicole Redvers (), Yasaman Mohammadi Kamalabadi, Danya Carroll, Mohammad Yasir Essar and Omnia El Omrani
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Nicole Redvers: Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2M1, Canada
Yasaman Mohammadi Kamalabadi: Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2M1, Canada
Danya Carroll: Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2M1, Canada
Mohammad Yasir Essar: Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2M1, Canada
Omnia El Omrani: The Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 5, 1-17

Abstract: Despite the overall health, economic, and social costs of zoonotic spillover, its impacts are not felt equally around the globe. Engaging local communities in primary spillover prevention may help to better ensure equity is considered in research and policy-making activities. Our study aimed to gain an understanding of how and at what level community engagement (CE) has been incorporated into the evaluation of public policies for zoonotic spillover prevention. We conducted a secondary analysis on an existing dataset from a systematic review, beginning with a structured deductive content analysis. A secondary matrix of analysis was engaged using an adapted CE tool for screening the included articles based on their level of CE. We then characterized relevant themes based on the CE elements within the included articles. Of the 95 articles included, 55 had no level of CE reported. Among the included articles that had some level of CE, elements included the platforming of community consultation, community training for involvement in spillover prevention research, cultural and language considerations being engaged, community protection and awareness programmes for public health and biosecurity, and community-centered data collection processes being engaged. Our findings highlight the persistent equity gaps in appropriately engaging affected communities within the evaluation of public policies for spillover prevention.

Keywords: community engagement; equity; spillover; pandemic prevention; zoonotic spillover prevention; public policies; evaluation; content analysis; community consultation; relational community engagement; biosecurity; community-based research; CBPR; community consultation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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