Barriers and Facilitators to Accessing Mental and Physical Health Care Among Sexual Minority Women: A Qualitative Exploration

Charlotte A. Dawson (), Alicia Moulder and Kristin E. Heron
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Charlotte A. Dawson: Macon and Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
Alicia Moulder: Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
Kristin E. Heron: Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 6, 1-14

Abstract: Cisgender sexual minority women (SMW, e.g., lesbian, queer) are at greater risk for poor mental and physical health compared to heterosexual women and face challenges when accessing health care. Previous research has largely focused on general sexual and gender minority barriers to health care, but more research is needed on the experiences of specific subgroups, including cisgender SMW. The current study qualitatively explored barriers and facilitators for cisgender SMW seeking health care. Twenty cisgender SMW aged 18–40 recruited using Meta advertisements and past participant lists completed 45 min semi-structured interviews and a brief survey. Thematic analysis conducted by two coders revealed a barrier theme with six subthemes, and a facilitator theme with seven subthemes. The barrier subthemes included discrimination, dominant culture centric, unsupportive socio-political environment, lack of patient-centered care, avoidance/concealment of sexual identity, and socio-economic challenges. The facilitator subthemes included supportive socio-political environment, advance identification of LGBTQ-affirming HCPs, patient-centered care, HCP identity similar to patient, social support, re-engagement with care after bad experiences, and socio-economic advantages. This study provides insight into the lived experiences of cisgender SMW that can help improve knowledge about health care disparities and inform health care interventions for this population.

Keywords: sexual minority women; barriers; health care; discrimination; mental health; health disparities (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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