A Tandem MS Platform for Simultaneous Determination of Urinary Malondialdehyde and Diphenyl Phosphate

Gabriela Chango, Diego García-Gómez (), Carmelo García Pinto, Encarnación Rodríguez-Gonzalo and José Luis Pérez Pavón
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Gabriela Chango: Universidad de Salamanca, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
Diego García-Gómez: Universidad de Salamanca, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
Carmelo García Pinto: Universidad de Salamanca, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
Encarnación Rodríguez-Gonzalo: Universidad de Salamanca, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
José Luis Pérez Pavón: Universidad de Salamanca, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, 37008 Salamanca, Spain

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 7, 1-13

Abstract: This study presents an advanced analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA), a biomarker of oxidative stress, and diphenyl phosphate (DPhP), a metabolite of the organophosphate flame retardant triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), in human urine. The method integrates hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), a type of liquid chromatography suitable for polar compounds, for MDA separation, and an online restricted access material (RAM), a preconcentration column, for DPhP isolation, achieving high specificity and sensitivity. Validation with certified urine samples confirmed its robustness across diverse analyte concentrations and complex biological matrices. The optimized clean-up steps effectively minimized carryover, allowing for high-throughput analysis. Application to 72 urine samples revealed a significant positive correlation (ρ = 0.702, p -value = 1.9 × 10 −7 ) between MDA and DPhP levels, supporting a potential link between oxidative stress and TPhP exposure. The subset analysis demonstrated a statistically significant moderate positive correlation in women (ρ = 0.622, p -value = 0.020), although this result should be interpreted with caution because of the limited sample size (N = 14). This method provides a powerful tool for biomonitoring oxidative stress and environmental contaminants, offering valuable insights into exposure-related health risks.

Keywords: hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; organophosphate flame retardants; restricted access material; oxidative stress (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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