Sleep Characteristics and Prevalence of Perceived Insufficient Sleep Across Age Groups in the Japanese Community-Based General Population: The Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Daiko Study

Emi Morita (), Hiroshi Kadotani, Naoto Yamada, Yoko Mitsuda, Takashi Tamura and Kenji Wakai
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Emi Morita: International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Ibaraki, Japan
Hiroshi Kadotani: Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan
Naoto Yamada: Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan
Yoko Mitsuda: Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
Takashi Tamura: Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
Kenji Wakai: Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 9, 1-20

Abstract: This study aimed to provide basic data according to age on objective sleep duration distribution and sleep characteristics via subjectivity, and to determine the prevalence of insufficient sleep and related sleep parameters in the general Japanese population. Data from the second survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Cohort (J-MICC) Daiko Study were used for the analysis, with 2091 participants (1556 women; 58.6 ± 9.8 years old) included. Questionnaires included subjective sleep duration, perceived sufficiency, regularity, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Sleep measurements were taken via actigraphy for one week. In total, 247 (11.8%) respondents reported insufficient sleep and 953 (45.6%) reported somewhat insufficient sleep. Working-age adults had shorter subjective and measured sleep durations than those aged ≥ 60 years. About 20% of those aged ≥ 50 years and more than 30% of those aged < 50 years reported ≥2 h of sleep deprivation. Perceived insufficient sleep was associated with irregular sleep but not sleep efficiency or sleep latency. Additionally, sleep duration perceived as insufficient varied among individuals. Individual differences in sleep duration and sleep efficiency were greater than those based on age. In conclusion, implementing measures to address sleep deprivation in Japan’s working-age population are essential, and future epidemiological studies should consider individual differences.

Keywords: sleep duration; general population; actigraphy; sleep deprivation; individual differences; prevalence; chronotype (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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