Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Multimorbidity Patterns in Climacteric Women with Hypertension

Juliene Gonçalves Costa, Ana Luiza Amaral, Julia Buiatte Tavares, Aline Keli de Oliveira, Ana Clara Ribeiro Cunha, Juliana Cristina Silva and Guilherme Morais Puga ()
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Juliene Gonçalves Costa: School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
Ana Luiza Amaral: Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Physiology, Physical Education and Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-678, Brazil
Julia Buiatte Tavares: Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Physiology, Physical Education and Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-678, Brazil
Aline Keli de Oliveira: Medical Clinic, Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Uberlândia, Pará Avenue, Uberlândia 38405-320, Brazil
Ana Clara Ribeiro Cunha: Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Physiology, Physical Education and Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-678, Brazil
Juliana Cristina Silva: Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Physiology, Physical Education and Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-678, Brazil
Guilherme Morais Puga: Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Physiology, Physical Education and Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-678, Brazil

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 9, 1-10

Abstract: Although the relationship between risk factors and disease patterns still remains poorly understood, arterial hypertension in climacteric women is a substantial risk factor for multimorbidity. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 1003 women aged ≥40 years attending Brazilian Basic Health Units to assess multimorbidity (≥2 chronic conditions) and its patterns (cardiometabolic, musculoskeletal, and neuropsychological). An adjusted logistic regression revealed that postmenopausal status (OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.05–4.48) and an age of ≥70 years (OR: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.16–6.99) were key risk factors for multimorbidity. Notably, 86% of hypertensive women had multimorbidity, most frequently dyslipidemia (50%), type 2 diabetes (37%), and thyroid disorders (18%). The cardiometabolic pattern (86% prevalence) was strongly associated with hypertension, especially among women aged ≥50 years (OR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.10–3.98) and those with obesity grade I+ (OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.36–3.89). Musculoskeletal disorders were associated with postmenopausal status (OR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.05–5.51) and obesity (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.08–3.43), while neuropsychological diseases showed no significant associations. These findings highlight that hypertensive climacteric women—especially postmenopausal, older, or those with obesity—face elevated risks of cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal multimorbidity, underscoring the need for targeted preventive strategies in this population.

Keywords: menopause; chronic non-communicable diseases; aging; high blood pressure (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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