A Novel Macro-Level Model in Evaluating Health and Safety Training Based on Virtual Reality

Antonella Pireddu (), Claudia Giliberti, Alessandro Innocenti, Carla Simeoni and Michela Bonafede
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Antonella Pireddu: Technological Innovations and Safety of Plants, Products and Anthropic Settlements Department (DIT), Italian National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, INAIL, 00144 Rome, Italy
Claudia Giliberti: Technological Innovations and Safety of Plants, Products and Anthropic Settlements Department (DIT), Italian National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, INAIL, 00144 Rome, Italy
Alessandro Innocenti: Department of Social, Political and Cognitive Sciences (DISPOC), LabVR UNISI, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
Carla Simeoni: Technological Innovations and Safety of Plants, Products and Anthropic Settlements Department (DIT), Italian National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, INAIL, 00144 Rome, Italy
Michela Bonafede: Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department (DIMEILA), Italian National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, INAIL, 00144 Rome, Italy

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 9, 1-26

Abstract: This document proposes a new evaluation model to be applied to a training course on health and safety at work based on virtual reality. The model refers to three macro-levels (design, delivery, and evaluation), which extend throughout the training life cycle. At macro level 1, design, the quality of the model intended for the virtual reality experience is evaluated, as well as its adaptation to the work environment and its compliance with applicable voluntary and mandatory standards; in macro level 2, delivery, the performance of the model, the individual reactions of users with headsets, their performance and psycho-physical state, the time, and the score achieved are evaluated; in macro level 3, evaluation, the long-term effects of subjective training and the social and economic impact that virtual reality training has had on the organisation are evaluated. The study investigates assessment models for virtual-reality-based occupational health and safety courses and identifies a model outlining general criteria that can be adapted to several types of courses and different work sectors. By examining the typical stages of the training life cycle and drawing on training evaluation models such as Kirkpatrick or Molenda and Information and Communication Technology metrics, the study identifies the key elements for assessing the effectiveness of virtual reality training in occupational health and safety.

Keywords: virtual reality; training life cycle; health and safety training management; VR training metric; virtual reality training evaluation model; impact; effectiveness (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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