The SRAQ-HP: Development and Initial Validation of a Tool to Assess Perceived Resource Adequacy Among Healthcare Professionals

Olga Cerela-Boltunova (), Inga Millere and Ingrida Trups-Kalne
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Olga Cerela-Boltunova: Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
Inga Millere: Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
Ingrida Trups-Kalne: Institute of Public Health, Psychology Laboratory, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 9, 1-33

Abstract: Healthcare systems worldwide face growing challenges related to staff shortages, excessive workload, and deteriorating working conditions, which compromise both staff well-being and care quality. Despite these issues, there is a lack of validated tools that capture healthcare professionals’ subjective perceptions of resource adequacy. This study presents the development and initial validation of the Staff Resource Adequacy Questionnaire for Healthcare Professionals (SRAQ-HP), a multidimensional tool designed to assess staffing adequacy and workload, quality of care, and working conditions and support. The development process followed a mixed-methods design, incorporating theoretical foundations from Kanter’s empowerment theory, role enactment models, and professional competence frameworks. The initial item pool of 32 statements was reduced to 26 through expert reviews, focus groups, and pilot testing ( n = 35). Content validity index (CVI = 0.931) and face validity index (FVI = 0.976) demonstrated high content relevance and clarity. Cronbach’s alpha for the full scale was 0.841, confirming internal consistency. Expert re-review confirmed strong content (S-CVI/Ave = 0.931) and face validity (FVI = 0.976) for the final 26-item version. Three core dimensions were retained: Staffing Adequacy and Workload, Quality of Care, and Working Conditions and Support. The SRAQ-HP provides a novel, evidence-based approach to systematically assess workforce sufficiency and support structures in clinical settings. It can guide decision-making in healthcare institutions and inform national workforce policies. Further research with larger and more diverse samples is needed to confirm its factorial validity and practical applicability.

Keywords: staffing adequacy; perceived workload; organisational support; quality of health care; personnel staffing and scheduling; health personnel; Latvia (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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