Traditional Gender Role Attitudes and Job-Hunting in Relation to Well-Being: A Cross-Sectional Study of Japanese Women in Emerging Adulthood

Yumiko Kobayashi, Yuki Imamatsu, Azusa Arimoto (), Kenkichi Takase, Ayumi Fusejima, Kanami Tsuno, Takashi Sugiyama, Masana Sannnomiya and Tomoyuki Miyazaki
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Yumiko Kobayashi: Research Department, Institute for Health Economics and Policy, Association for Health Economics Research and Social Insurance and Welfare, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan
Yuki Imamatsu: Department of Public Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation Sciences, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
Azusa Arimoto: Department of Community Health Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
Kenkichi Takase: Department of Psychology, Chuo University, Tokyo 192-0393, Japan
Ayumi Fusejima: Department of Psychology and Information Design, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Nonoichi 921-8501, Japan
Kanami Tsuno: School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokohama 210-0821, Japan
Takashi Sugiyama: Department of Human Sciences, Kanagawa University, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
Masana Sannnomiya: Department of Community Health Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
Tomoyuki Miyazaki: Center for Promotion of Research and Industry-Academic Collaboration, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 9, 1-11

Abstract: Employment and job-hunting can improve well-being by increasing confidence among emerging adults when equal employment opportunities exist for women and men. However, the relationship between well-being, traditional gender role attitudes, and job-hunting among women in emerging adulthood remains unclear. This study examined the interactions between gender role attitudes and job-hunting in relation to the well-being of emerging adult women. An online survey was conducted in five universities and five companies in Japan. The dependent variable was well-being. The explanatory variables were job-hunting experience within the past 6 months and traditional gender role attitudes measured by the gender role stressor scale. Of the 137 women, we analyzed the data from 132 participants with no missing data. Thirty-five (26.5%) participants were employed and had job-hunting experience. Multiple regression analysis showed that job-hunting experiences were negatively associated with well-being. Additionally, gender role attitudes were not associated with well-being. In the interaction between job-hunting experience and gender role attitudes, the more traditional one’s attitude toward gender roles is, the more negative the relationship between job-hunting experience and well-being. Job-hunting may not necessarily lead to well-being for all women, so women’s attitudes toward gender roles should be considered and respected.

Keywords: job-hunting; well-being; gender role; emerging adulthood (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:22:y:2025:i:9:p:1385-:d:1742533

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