Environmental Risk in American Indian Children, Including Cardiovascular and Hematologic Consequences of Cadmium Exposure: Possible Means of Mitigation

Joseph Burns (), Cesar E. Larancuent, Cian L. Jacob, Danielle A. Heims-Waldron, Whitney R. Lloyd, Justin P. Zachariah, Abraham Haimed, Ana Navas-Acien and Jason F. Deen
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Joseph Burns: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Cesar E. Larancuent: Divisions of Medicine and Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Cian L. Jacob: Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
Danielle A. Heims-Waldron: Division of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Whitney R. Lloyd: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University, Paolo Alto, CA 94304, USA
Justin P. Zachariah: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Abraham Haimed: Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Ana Navas-Acien: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
Jason F. Deen: Divisions of Pediatric and Adult Cardiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA

IJERPH, 2025, vol. 22, issue 9, 1-14

Abstract: Emerging evidence reveals that cadmium exposure is associated with hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and anemia, among others. Toxic metal exposure poses a particular threat to American Indian/Alaska Native populations, particularly given their proximity to mining waste. This review aims to summarize and organize evidence explaining the cardiovascular and hematologic consequences of cadmium exposure in children, including specific data on this exposure in AI/AN people, and strategies and policy actions to mitigate these consequences in AI/AN children.

Keywords: environmental health; pediatric cardiology; pediatric hematology; American Indian/Alaska Native; health inequity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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