Cigarettes Butts and the Case for an Environmental Policy on Hazardous Cigarette Waste

Thomas E. Novotny, Kristen Lum, Elizabeth Smith, Vivian Wang and Richard Barnes
Additional contact information
Thomas E. Novotny: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
Kristen Lum: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
Elizabeth Smith: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
Vivian Wang: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
Richard Barnes: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA

IJERPH, 2009, vol. 6, issue 5, 1-15

Abstract: Discarded cigarette butts are a form of non-biodegradable litter. Carried as runoff from streets to drains, to rivers, and ultimately to the ocean and its beaches, cigarette filters are the single most collected item in international beach cleanups each year. They are an environmental blight on streets, sidewalks, and other open areas. Rather than being a protective health device, cigarette filters are primarily a marketing tool to help sell ‘safe’ cigarettes. They are perceived by much of the public (especially current smokers) to reduce the health risks of smoking through technology. Filters have reduced the machine-measured yield of tar and nicotine from burning cigarettes, but there is controversy as to whether this has correspondingly reduced the disease burden of smoking to the population. Filters actually may serve to sustain smoking by making it seem less urgent for smokers to quit and easier for children to initiate smoking because of reduced irritation from early experimentation. Several options are available to reduce the environmental impact of cigarette butt waste, including developing biodegradable filters, increasing fines and penalties for littering butts, monetary deposits on filters, increasing availability of butt receptacles, and expanded public education. It may even be possible to ban the sale of filtered cigarettes altogether on the basis of their adverse environmental impact. This option may be attractive in coastal regions where beaches accumulate butt waste and where smoking indoors is increasingly prohibited. Additional research is needed on the various policy options, including behavioral research on the impact of banning the sale of filtered cigarettes altogether.

Keywords: cigarette litter; waste; butts; smoking; filters; environment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2009
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (8)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/6/5/1691/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/6/5/1691/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:6:y:2009:i:5:p:1691-1705:d:5066

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().