Toxic Metals (Pb and Cd) and Their Respective Antagonists (Ca and Zn) in Infant Formulas and Milk Marketed in Brasilia, Brazil

Clarissa S. P. De Castro, Andréa F. Arruda, Leandro R. Da Cunha, Jurandir R. SouzaDe, Jez W. B. Braga and José G. Dórea
Additional contact information
Clarissa S. P. De Castro: Laboratório de Tecnologias para a Segurança Alimentar, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, P.O. Box 02372, 70.770-917, Brasília-DF, Brazil
Andréa F. Arruda: Laboratório de Eletro e Espectroanalítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, P.O. Box 131, 74.001-970, Goiânia-GO, Brazil
Leandro R. Da Cunha: Laboratório de Tecnologias para a Segurança Alimentar, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, P.O. Box 02372, 70.770-917, Brasília-DF, Brazil
Jurandir R. SouzaDe: Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ambiental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, P.O. Box 04394, 70.919-970, Brasília-DF, Brazil
Jez W. B. Braga: Laboratório de Química Analítica e Ambiental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, P.O. Box 04394, 70.919-970, Brasília-DF, Brazil
José G. Dórea: Laboratório de Bioquímica da Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade de Brasília, P.O. Box 04322, 70.919-970, Brasília-DF, Brazil

IJERPH, 2010, vol. 7, issue 11, 1-16

Abstract: In non-ideal scenarios involving partial or non-breastfeeding, cow’s milk-based dairy products are mainstream in infant feeding. Therefore, it is important to study the concentrations of potentially neurotoxic contaminants (Pb and Cd) and their respective counteracting elements (Ca and Zn) in infant dairy products. Fifty-five brands of infant formulas and milk sold in Brasilia, Brazil were analyzed. The dairy products came from areas in the central-west (26%), southeast (29%) and south of Brazil (36%) extending as far as Argentina (7%) and the Netherlands (2%). For toxic Pb and Cd, median concentrations in powdered samples were 0.109 mg/kg and 0.033 mg/kg, respectively; in fluid samples median Pb concentration was 0.084 mg/kg, but median Cd concentration was below the limit of detection and overall values were below reference safety levels. However, 62% of these samples presented higher Pb concentration values than those established by FAO/WHO. Although the inverse correlation between Cd and Zn (Spearman r = ?0.116; P = 0.590) was not statistically significant, the positive correlation between Ca and Pb was (Spearman r = 0.619; P

Keywords: cadmium; calcium; formulas; infant nutrition; lead; milk; zinc (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2010
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