Combined Toxic Exposures and Human Health: Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect

Ilona Silins and Johan Högberg
Additional contact information
Ilona Silins: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
Johan Högberg: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden

IJERPH, 2011, vol. 8, issue 3, 1-19

Abstract: Procedures for risk assessment of chemical mixtures, combined and cumulative exposures are under development, but the scientific database needs considerable expansion. In particular, there is a lack of knowledge on how to monitor effects of complex exposures, and there are few reviews on biomonitoring complex exposures. In this review we summarize articles in which biomonitoring techniques have been developed and used. Most examples describe techniques for biomonitoring effects which may detect early changes induced by many chemical stressors and which have the potential to accelerate data gathering. Some emphasis is put on endocrine disrupters acting via epigenetic mechanisms and on carcinogens. Solid evidence shows that these groups of chemicals can interact and even produce synergistic effects. They may act during sensitive time windows and biomonitoring their effects in epidemiological studies is a challenging task.

Keywords: biomarkers; combined exposure; chemical mixture; occupational exposure (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2011
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/8/3/629/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/8/3/629/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:8:y:2011:i:3:p:629-647:d:11448

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().