Urinary Concentrations of Dialkylphosphate Metabolites of Organophosphorus Pesticides: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004

Dana Boyd Barr, Lee-Yang Wong, Roberto Bravo, Gayanga Weerasekera, Martins Odetokun, Paula Restrepo, Do-Gyun Kim, Carolina Fernandez, Ralph D. Whitehead, Jose Perez, Maribel Gallegos, Bryan L. Williams and Larry L. Needham
Additional contact information
Dana Boyd Barr: Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Lee-Yang Wong: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Roberto Bravo: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Gayanga Weerasekera: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Martins Odetokun: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Paula Restrepo: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Do-Gyun Kim: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Carolina Fernandez: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Ralph D. Whitehead: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Jose Perez: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Maribel Gallegos: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Bryan L. Williams: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Larry L. Needham: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA

IJERPH, 2011, vol. 8, issue 8, 1-36

Abstract: Organophosphorus (OP) insecticides were among the first pesticides that EPA reevaluated as part of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Our goal was to assess exposure to OP insecticides in the U.S. general population over a six-year period. We analyzed 7,456 urine samples collected as part of three two-year cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999–2004. We measured six dialkylphosphate metabolites of OP pesticides to assess OP pesticide exposure. In NHANES 2003–2004, dimethylthiophosphate was detected most frequently with median and 95th percentile concentrations of 2.03 and 35.3 µg/L, respectively. Adolescents were two to three times more likely to have diethylphosphate concentrations above the 95th percentile estimate of 15.5 µg/L than adults and senior adults. Conversely, for dimethyldithiophosphate, senior adults were 3.8 times and 1.8 times more likely to be above the 95th percentile than adults and adolescents, respectively, while adults were 2.1 times more likely to be above the 95th percentile than the adolescents. Our data indicate that the most vulnerable segments of our population—children and older adults—have higher exposures to OP pesticides than other population segments. However, according to DAP urinary metabolite data, exposures to OP pesticides have declined during the last six years at both the median and 95th percentile levels.

Keywords: NHANES; urine; organophosphorus; pesticide; dialkylphosphate (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2011
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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