Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and Respiratory, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Mortality in Cape Town, South Africa: 2001–2006

Janine Wichmann and Kuku Voyi
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Janine Wichmann: School of Health Systems and Public Health, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 667, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
Kuku Voyi: School of Health Systems and Public Health, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Pretoria, P.O. Box 667, Pretoria 0001, South Africa

IJERPH, 2012, vol. 9, issue 11, 1-39

Abstract: Little evidence is available on the strength of the association between ambient air pollution exposure and health effects in developing countries such as South Africa. The association between the 24-h average ambient PM 10 , SO 2 and NO 2 levels and daily respiratory (RD), cardiovascular (CVD) and cerebrovascular (CBD) mortality in Cape Town (2001–2006) was investigated with a case-crossover design. For models that included entire year data, an inter-quartile range (IQR) increase in PM 10 (12 mg/m 3 ) and NO 2 (12 mg/m 3 ) significantly increased CBD mortality by 4% and 8%, respectively. A significant increase of 3% in CVD mortality was observed per IQR increase in NO 2 and SO 2 (8 mg/m 3 ). In the warm period, PM 10 was significantly associated with RD and CVD mortality. NO 2 had significant associations with CBD, RD and CVD mortality, whilst SO 2 was associated with CVD mortality. None of the pollutants were associated with any of the three outcomes in the cold period. Susceptible groups depended on the cause-specific mortality and air pollutant. There is significant RD, CVD and CBD mortality risk associated with ambient air pollution exposure in South Africa, higher than reported in developed countries.

Keywords: air pollution; particulate matter; nitrogen dioxide; sulfur dioxide; respiratory; cardiovascular; cerebrovascular; mortality; case-crossover; South Africa (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2012
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