Radioactive Iodide ( 131 I ? ) Excretion Profiles in Response to Potassium Iodide (KI) and Ammonium Perchlorate (NH 4 ClO 4 ) Prophylaxis

Curtis Harris, Cham Dallas, Edward Rollor, Catherine White, Benjamin Blount, Liza Valentin-Blasini and Jeffrey Fisher
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Curtis Harris: Institute for Health Management and Mass Destruction Defense, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30603, USA
Cham Dallas: Institute for Health Management and Mass Destruction Defense, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30603, USA
Edward Rollor: Institute for Health Management and Mass Destruction Defense, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30603, USA
Catherine White: Institute for Health Management and Mass Destruction Defense, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30603, USA
Benjamin Blount: National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
Liza Valentin-Blasini: National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
Jeffrey Fisher: National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA

IJERPH, 2012, vol. 9, issue 8, 1-13

Abstract: Radioactive iodide ( 131 I ? ) protection studies have focused primarily on the thyroid gland and disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. The objective of the current study was to establish 131 I ? urinary excretion profiles for saline, and the thyroid protectants, potassium iodide (KI) and ammonium perchlorate over a 75 hour time-course. Rats were administered 131 I ? and 3 hours later dosed with either saline, 30 mg/kg of NH 4 ClO 4 or 30 mg/kg of KI. Urinalysis of the first 36 hours of the time-course revealed that NH 4 ClO 4 treated animals excreted significantly more 131 I ? compared with KI and saline treatments. A second study followed the same protocol, but thyroxine (T 4 ) was administered daily over a 3 day period. During the first 6–12 hour after 131 I ? dosing, rats administered NH 4 ClO 4 excreted significantly more 131 I ? than the other treatment groups. T 4 treatment resulted in increased retention of radioiodide in the thyroid gland 75 hour after 131 I ? administration. We speculate that the T 4 treatment related reduction in serum TSH caused a decrease synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones resulting in greater residual radioiodide in the thyroid gland. Our findings suggest that ammonium perchlorate treatment accelerates the elimination rate of radioiodide within the first 24 to 36 hours and thus may be more effective at reducing harmful exposure to 131 I ? compared to KI treatment for repeated dosing situations. Repeated dosing studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of these treatments to reduce the radioactive iodide burden of the thyroid gland.

Keywords: perchlorate; iodide; radioiodide; thyroid (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2012
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