Quantum Matter Overview

Melanie Swan, Renato P. Dos Santos and Frank Witte
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Melanie Swan: Computer Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
Renato P. Dos Santos: Physics, Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas 92425-900, Brazil
Frank Witte: Economics, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK

J, 2022, vol. 5, issue 2, 1-23

Abstract: Quantum matter (novel phases of matter at zero temperature with exotic properties) is a growing field with applications in its own domain, and in providing foundational support to quantum sciences fields more generally. The ability to characterize and manipulate matter at the smallest scales continues to advance in fundamental ways. This review provides a plain-language, non-technical description of contemporary activity in quantum matter for a general science audience, and an example of these methods applied to quantum neuroscience. Quantum matter is the study of topologically governed phases of matter at absolute zero temperature that exhibit new kinds of emergent order and exotic properties related to topology and symmetry, entanglement, and electronic charge and magnetism, which may be orchestrated to create new classes of materials and computational devices (including in the areas of spintronics, valleytronics, and quantum computing). The paper is organized to discuss recent developments in quantum matter on the topics of short-range topologically protected materials (namely, topological semimetals), long-range entangled materials (quantum spin liquids and fractional quantum Hall states), and codes for characterizing and controlling quantum systems. A key finding is that a shift in the conceptualization of the field of quantum matter may be underway to expand the core focus on short-range topologically protected materials to also include geometry-based approaches and long-range entanglement as additionally important tools for the understanding, characterization, and manipulation of topological materials.

Keywords: quantum matter; topological materials; topological insulators; topological semimetals; quantum spin liquids; fractional quantum Hall effects; quasiparticles; anyons; toric code (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I1 I10 I12 I13 I14 I18 I19 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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