Bias-Reduced Haebara and Stocking–Lord Linking

Alexander Robitzsch ()
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Alexander Robitzsch: IPN—Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education, Olshausenstraße 62, 24118 Kiel, Germany

J, 2024, vol. 7, issue 3, 1-12

Abstract: Haebara and Stocking–Lord linking methods are frequently used to compare the distributions of two groups. Previous research has demonstrated that Haebara and Stocking–Lord linking can produce bias in estimated standard deviations and, to a smaller extent, in estimated means in the presence of differential item functioning (DIF). This article determines the asymptotic bias of the two linking methods for the 2PL model. A bias-reduced Haebara and bias-reduced Stocking–Lord linking method is proposed to reduce the bias due to uniform DIF effects. The performance of the new linking method is evaluated in a simulation study. In general, it turned out that Stocking–Lord linking had substantial advantages over Haebara linking in the presence of DIF effects. Moreover, bias-reduced Haebara and Stocking–Lord linking substantially reduced the bias in the estimated standard deviation.

Keywords: item response model; linking; 2PL model; Haebara linking; Stocking–Lord linking; bias reduction (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I1 I10 I12 I13 I14 I18 I19 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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