A Systemic Digital Transformation for Smart Net-Zero Cities: A State-of-the-Art Review

Farzaneh Mohammadi Jouzdani (), Vahid Javidroozi, Hanifa Shah and Monica Mateo Garcia
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Farzaneh Mohammadi Jouzdani: Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment (CEBE), Birmingham City University, Belmont Row, Birmingham B4 7RQ, UK
Vahid Javidroozi: Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment (CEBE), Birmingham City University, Belmont Row, Birmingham B4 7RQ, UK
Hanifa Shah: Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment (CEBE), Birmingham City University, Belmont Row, Birmingham B4 7RQ, UK
Monica Mateo Garcia: Faculty of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment (CEBE), Birmingham City University, Belmont Row, Birmingham B4 7RQ, UK

J, 2025, vol. 8, issue 1, 1-32

Abstract: This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of digital transformation for developing smart net-zero cities, highlighting the significance of systems thinking and the key components of digital transformation including people, data, technology and process. Urban areas are experiencing increasing challenges from rapid growth and climate issues, making digital transformation a crucial strategy for enhancing sustainability and efficiency. In this context, systems thinking is essential, as it provides a holistic perspective that acknowledges the interdependence of urban sectors which can facilitate a more comprehensive, adaptable, and strategically integrated approach. This review examines findings from 22 sources and proposes a framework to investigate and represent the necessity of a digital transformation approach that effectively balances these elements and promotes a systems thinking approach. Also, by examining the findings from a systems thinking perspective, this research analyses the potential of effective digital transformation to support the complex needs of smart net-zero city developments. The findings indicate a widespread recognition of the digital transformation potential as a practical implementation strategy. It is imperative to formulate digital transformation strategies that are practical and comprehensively incorporate all elements: people, technology, processes, and data. Additionally, the review highlights the critical role of systems thinking in the development of these digital transformations as it facilitates the integration of interdependent urban sectors, including energy, transformation, and building, to achieve a holistic and integrated transformation.

Keywords: digital transformation; smart net-zero city; systems thinking; smart cities; net-zero cities (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I1 I10 I12 I13 I14 I18 I19 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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