Strategy and Practice for Sustainability in Businesses in the Middle East and North Africa in a Global Perspective

Ayman Ismail, Fatima Boutaleb, Esra E. Karadeniz, Ehud Menipaz, Chafik Bouhaddioui, Widad A. Rahman, Lidia Sanchez-Ruiz and Thomas Schøtt
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Ayman Ismail: Management Department, The American University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
Fatima Boutaleb: Department of Economics, University Hassan II, Casablanca 22000, Morocco
Esra E. Karadeniz: Department of Economics, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
Ehud Menipaz: School of Industrial Engineering & Management, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheba 8443944, Israel
Chafik Bouhaddioui: Department of Analytics, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
Widad A. Rahman: School of Management Studies, Ahfad University for Women, Omdurman 167, Sudan
Lidia Sanchez-Ruiz: Group of Health Economics and Health Service Management, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla, Business and Management Department, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
Thomas Schøtt: Management Department, The American University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt

JRFM, 2022, vol. 15, issue 7, 1-19

Abstract: A business may adopt a strategy for sustainability and may implement its strategy in its practice. Our question is, how are strategy and practice coupled and shaped by entrepreneurs and businesses embedded in national eco-systems in the Middle East and North Africa and around the world? Businesses were randomly sampled and surveyed in 2021, and national conditions were assessed by experts in ten countries in the Middle East and North Africa and in Spain and other countries around the world, as part of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Strategy and practice are found to have a loose coupling but are tighter in the Middle East and North Africa than in Spain. Strategy is promoted by support from businesses and governments, but support depends on national wealth. Strategy and practice by entrepreneurs and businesses are promoted by the entrepreneurs’ human and social capital and the value of making a difference in the world and continuing a family tradition. Findings contribute to understanding business engagement with sustainability, specifically in the Middle East and North Africa, as compared to Spain and in a global perspective.

Keywords: sustainability; strategy; practice; businesses; Middle East and North Africa; Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C E F2 F3 G (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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