Managing and Reforesting Degraded Post-Mining Landscape in Indonesia: A Review

Pratiwi, Budi H. Narendra, Chairil A. Siregar, Maman Turjaman, Asep Hidayat, Henti H. Rachmat, Budi Mulyanto, Suwardi, Iskandar, Rizki Maharani, Yaya Rayadin, Retno Prayudyaningsih, Tri Wira Yuwati, Ricksy Prematuri and Arida Susilowati
Additional contact information
Pratiwi: Forest Research and Development Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5, Bogor 16610, Indonesia
Budi H. Narendra: Forest Research and Development Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5, Bogor 16610, Indonesia
Chairil A. Siregar: Forest Research and Development Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5, Bogor 16610, Indonesia
Maman Turjaman: Forest Research and Development Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5, Bogor 16610, Indonesia
Asep Hidayat: Forest Research and Development Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5, Bogor 16610, Indonesia
Henti H. Rachmat: Forest Research and Development Center, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5, Bogor 16610, Indonesia
Budi Mulyanto: Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Jl. Raya Darmaga Km. 8, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Suwardi: Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Jl. Raya Darmaga Km. 8, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Iskandar: Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Jl. Raya Darmaga Km. 8, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Rizki Maharani: Dipterocarp Ecosystem Research and Development Centre, Jl. AW Syahrani No. 68, Samarinda 75124, Indonesia
Yaya Rayadin: Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Jl. KH Dewantara, Samarinda 75123, Indonesia
Retno Prayudyaningsih: Environment and Forestry Research and Development Institute of Makassar, Jl. P. Kemerdekaan Km. 16, Makassar 90243, Indonesia
Tri Wira Yuwati: Environment and Forestry Research and Development Institute of Banjarbaru, Jl. Ahmad Yani, Km. 28,7, Banjarbaru 70722, Indonesia
Ricksy Prematuri: Research Centre for Bioresource and Biotechnology, IPB University, Jl. Raya Darmaga Km. 8, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Arida Susilowati: Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Tridharma Ujung No. 1, Medan 20155, Indonesia

Land, 2021, vol. 10, issue 6, 1-29

Abstract: Tropical forests are among the most diverse ecosystems in the world, completed by huge biodiversity. An expansion in natural resource extraction through open-pit mining activities leads to increasing land and tropical forest degradation. Proper science-based practices are needed as an effort to reclaim their function. This paper summarizes the existing practice of coal mining, covering the regulatory aspects and their reclamation obligations, the practices of coal mining from various sites with different land characteristics, and the reclamation efforts of the post-mining landscapes in Indonesia. The regulations issued accommodate the difference between mining land inside the forest area and outside the forest area, especially in the aspect of the permit authority and in evaluating the success rate of reclamation. In coal-mining practices, this paper describes starting from land clearing activities and followed by storing soil layers and overburden materials. In this step, proper handling of potentially acid-forming materials is crucial to prevent acid mine drainage. At the reclamation stage, this paper sequentially presents research results and the field applications in rearranging the overburden and soil materials, controlling acid mine drainage and erosion, and managing the drainage system, settling ponds, and pit lakes. Many efforts to reclaim post-coal-mining lands and their success rate have been reported and highlighted. Several success stories describe that post-coal-mining lands can be returned to forests that provide ecosystem services and goods. A set of science-based best management practices for post-coal-mine reforestation is needed to develop to promote the success of forest reclamation and restoration in post-coal-mining lands through the planting of high-value hardwood trees, increasing trees’ survival rates and growth, and accelerating the establishment of forest habitat through the application of proper tree planting technique. The monitoring and evaluation aspect is also crucial, as corrective action may be taken considering the different success rates for different site characteristics.

Keywords: open-pit mining; biodiversity; tropical forests; degraded land; reclamation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

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