Effects of Forest Harvesting Operations on the Recovery of Earthworms and Nematodes in the Hyrcanain Old-Growth Forest: Assessment, Mitigation, and Best Management Practice

Hadi Sohrabi, Meghdad Jourgholami, Angela Lo Monaco and Rodolfo Picchio
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Hadi Sohrabi: Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 999067, Alborz, Iran
Meghdad Jourgholami: Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 999067, Alborz, Iran
Angela Lo Monaco: Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
Rodolfo Picchio: Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy

Land, 2022, vol. 11, issue 5, 1-15

Abstract: The quality and performance of forest soil is closely related to the characteristics of the faunal community in the soil. Focusing on soil organisms can provide good indicators to choose the best soil restoration methods to improve the properties of degraded forest soils. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the tree litter of different species on the recovery of soil organisms (earthworms and nematodes) from skid trails over a 20-year period after harvest operations. For this purpose, three skid trails with different ages after harvest operations (6, 10, and 20 years), considering three tree litter treatments (beech, beech–hornbeam, and mixed beech) and three traffic intensity classes (low, medium, and high), were identified. The combination of treatments was carried out in the forest with three replications, and a total of 18 sample plots of 0.5 m 2 were harvested to measure earthworms and nematodes. The results showed that 20 years after harvest operations, the highest values of earthworm density (5.72 n m −2 ), earthworm biomass (97.18 mg m −2 ), and total nematodes (313.65 in 100 g of soil) were obtained in the mixed beech litter treatment compared to other litter treatments. With decreasing traffic intensity from high to low, the activity of soil organisms increased, and the highest values of earthworm density (5.46 n m −2 ), earthworm biomass (87.21 mg m −2 ), and soil nematodes (216.33 in 100 g soil) were associated with low traffic intensity. Additionally, in all three litter treatments and traffic intensities, the epigeic ecological species were more abundant than the anecic and endogeic species. Key soil variables including water content, porosity, available nutrients, pH, total organic C, and total N were significantly correlated with earthworm density and biomass and soil nematode population. Litter management and addition to compacted soil can support the functional dynamics and processes of the soil and maintenance of the abundances and activities of the soil fauna.

Keywords: earthworm; nematode; soil recovery; forest harvesting; traffic intensity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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